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limd1 mouse mab  (Santa Cruz Biotechnology)


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    Santa Cruz Biotechnology limd1 mouse mab
    Fig. 4 Macrophage Foxo1 deficiency increases YAP/NICD activity and inhibits STING activation in HFD-induced oxidative stress. a Nuclear YAP and NICD expression were substantially increased in macrophages after HFD feeding. The data are representative of three experiments. b Liver macrophages were isolated from WT mice and stimulated with a mixture of 0.2 mM palmitic acid (PA) and 0.4 mM oleic acid (OA) for 24 h. PA/OA stimulation activated JNK and increased nuclear Foxo1 and PGC-1α expression in macrophages. c PA and OA stimulation increased the expression of p-LATS1 and <t>LIMD1,</t> leading to reduced cytoplasmic YAP phosphorylation and increased nuclear YAP expression in macrophages. d Immunofluorescence staining showing macrophage LIMD1 (green) and LATS1 (red) colocalization in PA/OA-stimulated macrophages. DAPI was used to visualize nuclei (blue). Scale bars, 30 μm. e Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that PA/OA challenge augmented the colocalization and interaction of LIMD1 and LATS1 in macrophages. f Liver macrophages from WT mice were transfected with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated LIMD1 KO or control vector after PA/OA challenge. Moreover, LIMD1 KO increased cytoplasmic YAP phosphorylation and reduced nuclear YAP expression. g Disruption of macrophage Foxo1 markedly increased PGC-1α, YAP, and NICD levels and reduced p-STING expression in response to PA/OA challenge. h Liver macrophages from Foxo1M-KO mice were transfected with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PGC-1α KO or control vector after PA/OA stimulation. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PGC-1α KO in the Foxo1M-KO cells reduced the interaction of YAP with the NICD and augmented p-STING expression. Notes: Foxo1M-KO activates YAP/NICD and inhibits STING activation in PA/OA-stimulated macrophages. All Western blots represent three experiments, and the data are presented as the mean±SD.
    Limd1 Mouse Mab, supplied by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 10 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/anti+limd1+antibody/Limd1+Antibody/pm39122845-64-28-31
    Average 93 stars, based on 10 article reviews
    limd1 mouse mab - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    93/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "The Foxo1-YAP-Notch1 axis reprograms STING-mediated innate immunity in NASH progression."

    Article Title: The Foxo1-YAP-Notch1 axis reprograms STING-mediated innate immunity in NASH progression.

    Journal: Experimental & molecular medicine

    doi: 10.1038/s12276-024-01280-5

    Fig. 4 Macrophage Foxo1 deficiency increases YAP/NICD activity and inhibits STING activation in HFD-induced oxidative stress. a Nuclear YAP and NICD expression were substantially increased in macrophages after HFD feeding. The data are representative of three experiments. b Liver macrophages were isolated from WT mice and stimulated with a mixture of 0.2 mM palmitic acid (PA) and 0.4 mM oleic acid (OA) for 24 h. PA/OA stimulation activated JNK and increased nuclear Foxo1 and PGC-1α expression in macrophages. c PA and OA stimulation increased the expression of p-LATS1 and LIMD1, leading to reduced cytoplasmic YAP phosphorylation and increased nuclear YAP expression in macrophages. d Immunofluorescence staining showing macrophage LIMD1 (green) and LATS1 (red) colocalization in PA/OA-stimulated macrophages. DAPI was used to visualize nuclei (blue). Scale bars, 30 μm. e Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that PA/OA challenge augmented the colocalization and interaction of LIMD1 and LATS1 in macrophages. f Liver macrophages from WT mice were transfected with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated LIMD1 KO or control vector after PA/OA challenge. Moreover, LIMD1 KO increased cytoplasmic YAP phosphorylation and reduced nuclear YAP expression. g Disruption of macrophage Foxo1 markedly increased PGC-1α, YAP, and NICD levels and reduced p-STING expression in response to PA/OA challenge. h Liver macrophages from Foxo1M-KO mice were transfected with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PGC-1α KO or control vector after PA/OA stimulation. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PGC-1α KO in the Foxo1M-KO cells reduced the interaction of YAP with the NICD and augmented p-STING expression. Notes: Foxo1M-KO activates YAP/NICD and inhibits STING activation in PA/OA-stimulated macrophages. All Western blots represent three experiments, and the data are presented as the mean±SD.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Fig. 4 Macrophage Foxo1 deficiency increases YAP/NICD activity and inhibits STING activation in HFD-induced oxidative stress. a Nuclear YAP and NICD expression were substantially increased in macrophages after HFD feeding. The data are representative of three experiments. b Liver macrophages were isolated from WT mice and stimulated with a mixture of 0.2 mM palmitic acid (PA) and 0.4 mM oleic acid (OA) for 24 h. PA/OA stimulation activated JNK and increased nuclear Foxo1 and PGC-1α expression in macrophages. c PA and OA stimulation increased the expression of p-LATS1 and LIMD1, leading to reduced cytoplasmic YAP phosphorylation and increased nuclear YAP expression in macrophages. d Immunofluorescence staining showing macrophage LIMD1 (green) and LATS1 (red) colocalization in PA/OA-stimulated macrophages. DAPI was used to visualize nuclei (blue). Scale bars, 30 μm. e Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that PA/OA challenge augmented the colocalization and interaction of LIMD1 and LATS1 in macrophages. f Liver macrophages from WT mice were transfected with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated LIMD1 KO or control vector after PA/OA challenge. Moreover, LIMD1 KO increased cytoplasmic YAP phosphorylation and reduced nuclear YAP expression. g Disruption of macrophage Foxo1 markedly increased PGC-1α, YAP, and NICD levels and reduced p-STING expression in response to PA/OA challenge. h Liver macrophages from Foxo1M-KO mice were transfected with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PGC-1α KO or control vector after PA/OA stimulation. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PGC-1α KO in the Foxo1M-KO cells reduced the interaction of YAP with the NICD and augmented p-STING expression. Notes: Foxo1M-KO activates YAP/NICD and inhibits STING activation in PA/OA-stimulated macrophages. All Western blots represent three experiments, and the data are presented as the mean±SD.

    Techniques Used: Activity Assay, Activation Assay, Expressing, Isolation, Phospho-proteomics, Staining, Immunoprecipitation, Transfection, CRISPR, Control, Plasmid Preparation, Disruption, Western Blot

    Fig. 6 Disruption of macrophage Notch1 signaling activates cGAS and increases STING-mediated liver inflammation and fibrosis in HFD- induced NASH. a Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO increased cGAS, p-STING, p-TBK1, p-P65, and nuclear PGC-1α, LIMD1, and YAP expression in steatotic livers after 24 weeks of HFD feeding. b Immunofluorescence staining showed that Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO increased CD11b+ macrophage accumulation in steatotic livers (n = 6 mice/group). Quantification of CD11b+ macrophages; scale bars, 100 μm. c Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO increased TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and CXCL-10 expression and decreased IL-10 levels in steatotic livers (n = 6 samples/group). d The liver/body weight ratio was significantly increased in the HFD-fed Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO mice (n = 6 samples/group). e TG and TC (mg/g) lipid levels were significantly increased in the HFD- fed Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO mice (n = 6 samples/group). f Representative histological staining (H&E and Oil Red O) showing that the livers from the HFD-fed Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO mice exhibited increased lipid accumulation (n = 6 mice/group). Scale bars, 100 μm. g NASs (NAFLD activity scores) were measured based on histological images and were significantly increased in the Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO group (n = 6 mice/group). h Serum ALT and AST levels were increased in the HFD-fed Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO mice (IU/L) (n = 6 samples/group). i Representative histological and immunohistochemical staining (Sirius Red and Masson) of steatotic liver tissues showing augmented liver fibrosis in the Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO mice (n = 6 mice/group). Scale bars, 100 μm. j Increased mRNA expression of profibrotic genes, including αSMA, Col1α1, TGF-β1, CCL2, and TIMP1, in the Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO livers after HFD feeding (n = 6 samples/group). Notes: Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO activates cGAS, increases the STING-mediated inflammatory response, and exacerbates liver fibrosis in HFD-induced NASH. All the data are presented as the mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using the permutation t test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Fig. 6 Disruption of macrophage Notch1 signaling activates cGAS and increases STING-mediated liver inflammation and fibrosis in HFD- induced NASH. a Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO increased cGAS, p-STING, p-TBK1, p-P65, and nuclear PGC-1α, LIMD1, and YAP expression in steatotic livers after 24 weeks of HFD feeding. b Immunofluorescence staining showed that Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO increased CD11b+ macrophage accumulation in steatotic livers (n = 6 mice/group). Quantification of CD11b+ macrophages; scale bars, 100 μm. c Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO increased TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and CXCL-10 expression and decreased IL-10 levels in steatotic livers (n = 6 samples/group). d The liver/body weight ratio was significantly increased in the HFD-fed Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO mice (n = 6 samples/group). e TG and TC (mg/g) lipid levels were significantly increased in the HFD- fed Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO mice (n = 6 samples/group). f Representative histological staining (H&E and Oil Red O) showing that the livers from the HFD-fed Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO mice exhibited increased lipid accumulation (n = 6 mice/group). Scale bars, 100 μm. g NASs (NAFLD activity scores) were measured based on histological images and were significantly increased in the Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO group (n = 6 mice/group). h Serum ALT and AST levels were increased in the HFD-fed Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO mice (IU/L) (n = 6 samples/group). i Representative histological and immunohistochemical staining (Sirius Red and Masson) of steatotic liver tissues showing augmented liver fibrosis in the Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO mice (n = 6 mice/group). Scale bars, 100 μm. j Increased mRNA expression of profibrotic genes, including αSMA, Col1α1, TGF-β1, CCL2, and TIMP1, in the Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO livers after HFD feeding (n = 6 samples/group). Notes: Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO activates cGAS, increases the STING-mediated inflammatory response, and exacerbates liver fibrosis in HFD-induced NASH. All the data are presented as the mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using the permutation t test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.

    Techniques Used: Disruption, Expressing, Staining, Activity Assay, Immunohistochemical staining

    Fig. 8 The Foxo1–YAP axis modulates STING-mediated liver inflammation and steatosis in HFD-induced NASH. a Representative histological staining (H&E and Oil Red O) showing that the Foxo1M-KO mice exhibited decreased lipid accumulation, whereas the Foxo1/YAPM-DKO mice exhibited increased hepatic steatosis after 24 weeks of HFD feeding (n = 6 mice/group). Scale bars, 100 μm. b The NAS (NAFLD activity score) based on histological images was measured and found to be significantly increased in the Foxo1/YAPM-DKO group (n = 6 mice/group). c The liver/ body weight ratios were significantly greater in the Foxo1/YAPM-DKO mice (n = 6 samples/group). d The TG and TC levels (mg/g) were significantly increased in the Foxo1/YAPM-DKO mice (n = 6 samples/group). e The Foxo1/YAPM-DKO mice exhibited significantly increased serum ALT and AST levels (IU/L) (n = 6 samples/group). f Representative immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry images (α-SMA and Masson) showing significantly increased liver fibrosis in the Foxo1/YAPM-DKO livers (n = 6 mice/group). Scale bars, 100 μm. g Quantitative RT‒PCR analysis showed that Foxo1/YAPM-DKO increased cGAS, p-STING, p-TBK1, and p-P65 expression in steatotic livers (n = 6 samples/group). h Western blot analysis revealed that Foxo1/YAPM-DKO increased cGAS, p-STING, p-TBK1, and p-P65 expression and increased nuclear PGC-1α, LIMD1, and NICD expression in steatotic livers. The data are representative of three experiments. i Immunofluorescence staining showed increased CD11b+ macrophage accumulation in ischemic livers (n = 6 mice/group). Quantification of CD11b+ macrophages; scale bars, 100 μm. j The mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and CXCL-10 were increased, and the IL-10 level was decreased in the steatotic Foxo1/YAPM-DKO livers (n = 6 samples/group). Notes: Foxo1/ YAPM-DKO exacerbates STING-mediated liver inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis in mice with HFD-induced NASH. All the data are presented as the mean±SD. Statistical analysis was performed using the permutation t test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Fig. 8 The Foxo1–YAP axis modulates STING-mediated liver inflammation and steatosis in HFD-induced NASH. a Representative histological staining (H&E and Oil Red O) showing that the Foxo1M-KO mice exhibited decreased lipid accumulation, whereas the Foxo1/YAPM-DKO mice exhibited increased hepatic steatosis after 24 weeks of HFD feeding (n = 6 mice/group). Scale bars, 100 μm. b The NAS (NAFLD activity score) based on histological images was measured and found to be significantly increased in the Foxo1/YAPM-DKO group (n = 6 mice/group). c The liver/ body weight ratios were significantly greater in the Foxo1/YAPM-DKO mice (n = 6 samples/group). d The TG and TC levels (mg/g) were significantly increased in the Foxo1/YAPM-DKO mice (n = 6 samples/group). e The Foxo1/YAPM-DKO mice exhibited significantly increased serum ALT and AST levels (IU/L) (n = 6 samples/group). f Representative immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry images (α-SMA and Masson) showing significantly increased liver fibrosis in the Foxo1/YAPM-DKO livers (n = 6 mice/group). Scale bars, 100 μm. g Quantitative RT‒PCR analysis showed that Foxo1/YAPM-DKO increased cGAS, p-STING, p-TBK1, and p-P65 expression in steatotic livers (n = 6 samples/group). h Western blot analysis revealed that Foxo1/YAPM-DKO increased cGAS, p-STING, p-TBK1, and p-P65 expression and increased nuclear PGC-1α, LIMD1, and NICD expression in steatotic livers. The data are representative of three experiments. i Immunofluorescence staining showed increased CD11b+ macrophage accumulation in ischemic livers (n = 6 mice/group). Quantification of CD11b+ macrophages; scale bars, 100 μm. j The mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and CXCL-10 were increased, and the IL-10 level was decreased in the steatotic Foxo1/YAPM-DKO livers (n = 6 samples/group). Notes: Foxo1/ YAPM-DKO exacerbates STING-mediated liver inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis in mice with HFD-induced NASH. All the data are presented as the mean±SD. Statistical analysis was performed using the permutation t test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

    Techniques Used: Staining, Activity Assay, Immunohistochemistry, Expressing, Western Blot

    Related Articles

    Incubation:

    Article Title: Cell cycle regulated phosphorylation of LIMD1 in cell lines and expression in human breast cancers.
    Article Snippet: LIMD1 is a member of the ZYXIN family of related proteins which includes AJUBA, TRIP6, LPP, WTIP, migfilin, and ZYXIN.. The LIMD1 locus, 3p21.3, has been shown to undergo loss of heterozygosity in neoplastic tissues, suggesting potential tumor suppressor function.. To further understand the role of LIMD1 in cancer, we have characterized endogenous expression of the LIMD1 protein and evaluated LIMD1 RNA expression in primary human breast tumors.

    Affinity Purification:

    Article Title: Cell cycle regulated phosphorylation of LIMD1 in cell lines and expression in human breast cancers.
    Article Snippet: LIMD1 is a member of the ZYXIN family of related proteins which includes AJUBA, TRIP6, LPP, WTIP, migfilin, and ZYXIN.. The LIMD1 locus, 3p21.3, has been shown to undergo loss of heterozygosity in neoplastic tissues, suggesting potential tumor suppressor function.. To further understand the role of LIMD1 in cancer, we have characterized endogenous expression of the LIMD1 protein and evaluated LIMD1 RNA expression in primary human breast tumors.



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    Image Search Results


    (A) Full-length LATS2, LATS2-LATCH and LATS2-LATCH-4mut, were tested for binding to LIMD1 by co-immunoprecipitation. Lysates were prepared from HEK293A cells separately transfected with GFP-tagged LATS2, LATS2-LATCH, LATS2-LATCH-4mut, or LIMD1-V5. Lysates from cells expressing LIMD1-V5 were mixed separately with those expressing the different GFP-LATS2/LATCH constructs, and anti-LIMD1 or control (IgG) antibodies were used to isolate immune complexes. Immune complexes and lysates were probed by Western blotting for LATS2/LATCH (GFP) and LIMD1 (V5). (B) Live-cell imaging of MCF10A cells stably expressing GFP tagged LATS2-LATCH or LATS2-LATCH-4mut. (C) Live-cell imaging of MCF10A cells stably expressing GFP tagged LATS2-LATCH treated with (Blebbistatin) or without (DMSO) Blebbistatin.

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    Article Title: Regulation of tension-dependent localization of LATS1 and LATS2 to adherens junctions

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    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Full-length LATS2, LATS2-LATCH and LATS2-LATCH-4mut, were tested for binding to LIMD1 by co-immunoprecipitation. Lysates were prepared from HEK293A cells separately transfected with GFP-tagged LATS2, LATS2-LATCH, LATS2-LATCH-4mut, or LIMD1-V5. Lysates from cells expressing LIMD1-V5 were mixed separately with those expressing the different GFP-LATS2/LATCH constructs, and anti-LIMD1 or control (IgG) antibodies were used to isolate immune complexes. Immune complexes and lysates were probed by Western blotting for LATS2/LATCH (GFP) and LIMD1 (V5). (B) Live-cell imaging of MCF10A cells stably expressing GFP tagged LATS2-LATCH or LATS2-LATCH-4mut. (C) Live-cell imaging of MCF10A cells stably expressing GFP tagged LATS2-LATCH treated with (Blebbistatin) or without (DMSO) Blebbistatin.

    Article Snippet: Immunoprecipitation was carried out using 1 ug of rabbit anti-LIMD1 (Novus biologicals, NBP2–56448), mouse anti-Myc (Cell Signaling, 2276) or mouse anti-FLAG antibody (Sigma-Aldrich, F1804) coupled to 50 uL of Dynabeads at 4°C with gentle shaking for 1 hour.

    Techniques: Binding Assay, Immunoprecipitation, Transfection, Expressing, Construct, Control, Western Blot, Live Cell Imaging, Stable Transfection

    (A-B) LIMD1-KO MCF10A cells stably expressing GFP tagged wild-type LIMD1 (WT) or LIMD1 strain insensitive mutants (F512A, F575A, and Y646A, see also .) were established by lentiviral transduction and imaged using fixed and live-cell imaging. (A) The indicated cell lines were stained using anti-LATS1 and anti-TRIP6 antibodies. Merged images show LATS1 (red), TRIP6 (green) and DNA (blue). (B) The indicated cell lines from part (A) were imaged live for GFP fluorescence. (C) Quantification of the LATS1 junction to cytoplasm mean intensity ratio. Error bars represent the standard deviation. ANOVA statistical comparisons between wild-type LIMD1 and mechanical strain insensitive LIMD1 mutants are indicated above the plot (mean ± SD; n = 5; ****P < 0.0001). (D-E) LATS1/2 were tested for their ability to bind to strain insensitive mutants of LIMD1 by co-immunoprecipitation. (D) LATS2 was tested for its ability to bind to wild-type (WT) and mechanical strain insensitive mutants (F512A, F575A or Y646A) of LIMD1 by co-immunoprecipitation. V5-tagged WT and mutants of LIMD1 and LATS2-FLAG were separately transfected in HEK293A cells. HEK293A lysates from cells transfected with V5-tagged WT and mutants of LIMD1 were combined with LATS2-FLAG lysates. Anti-LIMD1 or control (IgG) antibodies were used to isolate immune complexes. Immune complexes and lysates were probed by Western blotting for V5-tagged WT and mutants of LIMD1 (V5) and LATS2-FLAG (LATS2). (E) LATS1 was tested for binding to wild-type (WT) and mechanical strain insensitive mutants (F512A, F575A or Y646A) of LIMD1 by co-immunoprecipitation. V5-tagged WT and mutants of LIMD1, and LATS1-3xMyc were separately transfected in HEK293A cells. HEK293A lysates from cells transfected with V5-tagged LIMD1 variants were combined with LATS1-3xMyc lysates. Anti-Myc or control (IgG) antibodies were used to isolate immune complexes. Immune complexes and lysates were probed by Western blotting for V5-tagged WT and mutants of LIMD1 (LIMD1) and LATS1-3xMyc (LATS1). (F) Quantification of relative amounts of LATS2 (normalized to wild-type LIMD1 in the IP fraction) immunoprecipitated by wild-type LIMD1 and mechanical strain insensitive LIMD1 mutants in part (D) . ANOVA statistical comparisons between wild-type LIMD1 and mechanical strain insensitive LIMD1 mutants are indicated above the graph (mean ± SD; n = 3; ***P = 0.001, ****P < 0.0001). (G) Quantification of relative amounts of wild-type LIMD1 and mechanical strain insensitive LIMD1 mutants (normalized to wild-type LIMD1 in the input fraction) immunoprecipitated by LATS1-3xMyc from part (E) . ANOVA statistical comparisons between wild-type LIMD1 and mechanical strain insensitive LIMD1 mutants are indicated above the graph (mean ± SD; n = 3; *P < 0.05, ***P = 0.001).

    Journal: PLOS One

    Article Title: Regulation of tension-dependent localization of LATS1 and LATS2 to adherens junctions

    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0342107

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A-B) LIMD1-KO MCF10A cells stably expressing GFP tagged wild-type LIMD1 (WT) or LIMD1 strain insensitive mutants (F512A, F575A, and Y646A, see also .) were established by lentiviral transduction and imaged using fixed and live-cell imaging. (A) The indicated cell lines were stained using anti-LATS1 and anti-TRIP6 antibodies. Merged images show LATS1 (red), TRIP6 (green) and DNA (blue). (B) The indicated cell lines from part (A) were imaged live for GFP fluorescence. (C) Quantification of the LATS1 junction to cytoplasm mean intensity ratio. Error bars represent the standard deviation. ANOVA statistical comparisons between wild-type LIMD1 and mechanical strain insensitive LIMD1 mutants are indicated above the plot (mean ± SD; n = 5; ****P < 0.0001). (D-E) LATS1/2 were tested for their ability to bind to strain insensitive mutants of LIMD1 by co-immunoprecipitation. (D) LATS2 was tested for its ability to bind to wild-type (WT) and mechanical strain insensitive mutants (F512A, F575A or Y646A) of LIMD1 by co-immunoprecipitation. V5-tagged WT and mutants of LIMD1 and LATS2-FLAG were separately transfected in HEK293A cells. HEK293A lysates from cells transfected with V5-tagged WT and mutants of LIMD1 were combined with LATS2-FLAG lysates. Anti-LIMD1 or control (IgG) antibodies were used to isolate immune complexes. Immune complexes and lysates were probed by Western blotting for V5-tagged WT and mutants of LIMD1 (V5) and LATS2-FLAG (LATS2). (E) LATS1 was tested for binding to wild-type (WT) and mechanical strain insensitive mutants (F512A, F575A or Y646A) of LIMD1 by co-immunoprecipitation. V5-tagged WT and mutants of LIMD1, and LATS1-3xMyc were separately transfected in HEK293A cells. HEK293A lysates from cells transfected with V5-tagged LIMD1 variants were combined with LATS1-3xMyc lysates. Anti-Myc or control (IgG) antibodies were used to isolate immune complexes. Immune complexes and lysates were probed by Western blotting for V5-tagged WT and mutants of LIMD1 (LIMD1) and LATS1-3xMyc (LATS1). (F) Quantification of relative amounts of LATS2 (normalized to wild-type LIMD1 in the IP fraction) immunoprecipitated by wild-type LIMD1 and mechanical strain insensitive LIMD1 mutants in part (D) . ANOVA statistical comparisons between wild-type LIMD1 and mechanical strain insensitive LIMD1 mutants are indicated above the graph (mean ± SD; n = 3; ***P = 0.001, ****P < 0.0001). (G) Quantification of relative amounts of wild-type LIMD1 and mechanical strain insensitive LIMD1 mutants (normalized to wild-type LIMD1 in the input fraction) immunoprecipitated by LATS1-3xMyc from part (E) . ANOVA statistical comparisons between wild-type LIMD1 and mechanical strain insensitive LIMD1 mutants are indicated above the graph (mean ± SD; n = 3; *P < 0.05, ***P = 0.001).

    Article Snippet: Immunoprecipitation was carried out using 1 ug of rabbit anti-LIMD1 (Novus biologicals, NBP2–56448), mouse anti-Myc (Cell Signaling, 2276) or mouse anti-FLAG antibody (Sigma-Aldrich, F1804) coupled to 50 uL of Dynabeads at 4°C with gentle shaking for 1 hour.

    Techniques: Stable Transfection, Expressing, Transduction, Live Cell Imaging, Staining, Fluorescence, Standard Deviation, Immunoprecipitation, Transfection, Control, Western Blot, Binding Assay

    (A) Live-cell imaging of MCF10A cells stably expressing GFP tagged LATS1 or LATS2 N-terminal regions (aa 1-635 in LATS1, aa 1-598 in LATS2) with and without (∆LATCH) the LATCH regions (aa 472-520 in LATS1, aa 418-466 in LATS2) as indicated. (B) AlphaFold2 model showing the three tandem LIM domains of LIMD1 (orange) and two regions of LATS2 (green) that are predicted to interact (LATS-LATCH and the Helical Hairpin). (C) Multiple sequence alignments of LATS1/2 from the indicated species showing the conserved LATCH region. (D-E) The requirement of the conserved LATCH sequence of LATS1/2 to bind with LIMD1 was tested by co-immunoprecipitation. (D) Full-length LATS2 (LATS2) or LATS2 with either the LATCH deleted (LATS2-∆LATCH, aa 418-466 deleted) or with the helical hairpin region deleted (LATS2-∆HH, aa 599-667 deleted) tagged to FLAG and (E) Full-length LATS1 (LATS1) or LATS1 with the LATCH deleted (LATS1-∆LATCH, aa 472-520 deleted) tagged with 3xMyc were tested for binding to LIMD1 by co-immunoprecipitation. FLAG-LATS2 variants, LATS1-3xMyc variants, and LIMD1-V5 were separately transfected in HEK293 cells. HEK293A cell lysates transfected with either FLAG-LATS2 variants (D) or LATS1-3xMyc variants (E) were combined with V5-tagged LIMD1. Anti-LIMD1 or control (IgG) antibodies were used to isolate immune complexes. Immune complexes and lysates were probed by Western blotting for LATS2 variants (FLAG) (D) , LATS1 variants (Myc) (E) and LIMD1 (V5).

    Journal: PLOS One

    Article Title: Regulation of tension-dependent localization of LATS1 and LATS2 to adherens junctions

    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0342107

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Live-cell imaging of MCF10A cells stably expressing GFP tagged LATS1 or LATS2 N-terminal regions (aa 1-635 in LATS1, aa 1-598 in LATS2) with and without (∆LATCH) the LATCH regions (aa 472-520 in LATS1, aa 418-466 in LATS2) as indicated. (B) AlphaFold2 model showing the three tandem LIM domains of LIMD1 (orange) and two regions of LATS2 (green) that are predicted to interact (LATS-LATCH and the Helical Hairpin). (C) Multiple sequence alignments of LATS1/2 from the indicated species showing the conserved LATCH region. (D-E) The requirement of the conserved LATCH sequence of LATS1/2 to bind with LIMD1 was tested by co-immunoprecipitation. (D) Full-length LATS2 (LATS2) or LATS2 with either the LATCH deleted (LATS2-∆LATCH, aa 418-466 deleted) or with the helical hairpin region deleted (LATS2-∆HH, aa 599-667 deleted) tagged to FLAG and (E) Full-length LATS1 (LATS1) or LATS1 with the LATCH deleted (LATS1-∆LATCH, aa 472-520 deleted) tagged with 3xMyc were tested for binding to LIMD1 by co-immunoprecipitation. FLAG-LATS2 variants, LATS1-3xMyc variants, and LIMD1-V5 were separately transfected in HEK293 cells. HEK293A cell lysates transfected with either FLAG-LATS2 variants (D) or LATS1-3xMyc variants (E) were combined with V5-tagged LIMD1. Anti-LIMD1 or control (IgG) antibodies were used to isolate immune complexes. Immune complexes and lysates were probed by Western blotting for LATS2 variants (FLAG) (D) , LATS1 variants (Myc) (E) and LIMD1 (V5).

    Article Snippet: Immunoprecipitation was carried out using 1 ug of rabbit anti-LIMD1 (Novus biologicals, NBP2–56448), mouse anti-Myc (Cell Signaling, 2276) or mouse anti-FLAG antibody (Sigma-Aldrich, F1804) coupled to 50 uL of Dynabeads at 4°C with gentle shaking for 1 hour.

    Techniques: Live Cell Imaging, Stable Transfection, Expressing, Sequencing, Immunoprecipitation, Binding Assay, Transfection, Control, Western Blot

    (A) CRISPR-Cas9 dropout screens performed in CRISPR-Cas9 generated isogenic A549 cells using a sgRNA library of 90,709 sequences targeting 18,010 human genes with a coverage of 5 sgRNAs per gene. (B) Dot-plot showing essential genes in LIMD1 -/- (green) and LIMD1 +/+ cells (red) upon sgRNA abundance analysis following screen performed at an early time-point (10 days) and late time-point (17 days). (C-D) Schematic diagram revealing enzymes involved in ETC as essential vulnerabilities in LIMD1 +/+ (C) whereas enzymes involved in Sec t-RNA biosynthesis and incorporation along with GPX4 are essential in LIMD1 -/- A549 cells (D) .

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: LIMD1 Loss Confers a GPX4-Dependent Cell State in Lung Cancer

    doi: 10.1101/2025.06.06.658274

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) CRISPR-Cas9 dropout screens performed in CRISPR-Cas9 generated isogenic A549 cells using a sgRNA library of 90,709 sequences targeting 18,010 human genes with a coverage of 5 sgRNAs per gene. (B) Dot-plot showing essential genes in LIMD1 -/- (green) and LIMD1 +/+ cells (red) upon sgRNA abundance analysis following screen performed at an early time-point (10 days) and late time-point (17 days). (C-D) Schematic diagram revealing enzymes involved in ETC as essential vulnerabilities in LIMD1 +/+ (C) whereas enzymes involved in Sec t-RNA biosynthesis and incorporation along with GPX4 are essential in LIMD1 -/- A549 cells (D) .

    Article Snippet: Proteins were transferred onto PVDF membranes (Sigma, #IPVH00010), blocked, and probed with the following primary antibodies: LIMD1 (1:2000; in-house), LIMD1 (1:1000; Cell Signaling #13245), GPX4 (1:1000; Cell Signaling #52455S), and β-actin (1:20000 dilution; Sigma #A5441).

    Techniques: CRISPR, Generated

    (A, B) Dose-response curves showing surviving fractions of isogenic A549 cells upon RSL3 (n=4) (A) and erastin (n=2) treatment (B) , seeded at 1000 cells per well with a double dose of drug for 48 h followed by 48 h treatment. (C) Surviving fractions of isogenic A549 cells, seeded at 1000 cells per well, upon double dose of treatment of 48 followed by 48 h with DMSO, fer-1 (2 μM), RSL3 (2 μM), and RSL3 (2 μM) in combination with fer-1 (2 μM) (n=3). (D) Surviving fractions of isogenic A549 cells, seeded at 1000 cells per well, upon double dose of treatment of 48 followed by 48 h with DMSO, fer-1 (2 μM), erastin (5 μM), and erastin (5 μM) in combination with fer-1 (2 μM) (n=3). (E-G) Dose-response curves showing surviving fractions of isogenic H1299 cells grown in plasmax upon RSL3 (E) , IKE (F) and FIN56 (G) treatment for 24 h, seeded at 2000 cells per well (n=3). (H) Surviving fractions of isogenic H1299 grown in plasmax, upon 24 h treatment with DMSO, fer-1 (2 μM), RSL3 (8 nM) and RSL3 (8 nM) combined with fer-1(2 μM) (n=3). (I, J) Dose-response curves showing surviving fractions of isogenic SAEC cells upon ML210 (I) and erastin (J) treatment for 24 h, seeded at 3000 cells per well (n=3). (K) Surviving fractions of isogenic SAEC cells, upon 24 h treatment with DMSO, fer-1 (2 μM), ML210 (0.3 μM) and ML210 (0.3 μM) in combination with fer-1 (2 μM) (n=3). (L) Surviving fractions of isogenic SAEC cells, upon 24 h treatment with DMSO, fer-1 (2 μM), erastin (0.3 μM) and erastin (0.3 μM) in combination with fer-1 (2 μM) (n=3). Data is shown as biological replicates ± S.E.M. Two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test was performed in A-D, I-L , whereas two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s comparisons test was performed in E-H , comparing mean values of C25 LIMD1 -/- and C59 LIMD1 -/- groups to both C8 LIMD1 +/+ , shown by black asterisk, and C9 LIMD1 +/+ groups, shown by purple asterisk. * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, **** p ≤ 0.0001.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: LIMD1 Loss Confers a GPX4-Dependent Cell State in Lung Cancer

    doi: 10.1101/2025.06.06.658274

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A, B) Dose-response curves showing surviving fractions of isogenic A549 cells upon RSL3 (n=4) (A) and erastin (n=2) treatment (B) , seeded at 1000 cells per well with a double dose of drug for 48 h followed by 48 h treatment. (C) Surviving fractions of isogenic A549 cells, seeded at 1000 cells per well, upon double dose of treatment of 48 followed by 48 h with DMSO, fer-1 (2 μM), RSL3 (2 μM), and RSL3 (2 μM) in combination with fer-1 (2 μM) (n=3). (D) Surviving fractions of isogenic A549 cells, seeded at 1000 cells per well, upon double dose of treatment of 48 followed by 48 h with DMSO, fer-1 (2 μM), erastin (5 μM), and erastin (5 μM) in combination with fer-1 (2 μM) (n=3). (E-G) Dose-response curves showing surviving fractions of isogenic H1299 cells grown in plasmax upon RSL3 (E) , IKE (F) and FIN56 (G) treatment for 24 h, seeded at 2000 cells per well (n=3). (H) Surviving fractions of isogenic H1299 grown in plasmax, upon 24 h treatment with DMSO, fer-1 (2 μM), RSL3 (8 nM) and RSL3 (8 nM) combined with fer-1(2 μM) (n=3). (I, J) Dose-response curves showing surviving fractions of isogenic SAEC cells upon ML210 (I) and erastin (J) treatment for 24 h, seeded at 3000 cells per well (n=3). (K) Surviving fractions of isogenic SAEC cells, upon 24 h treatment with DMSO, fer-1 (2 μM), ML210 (0.3 μM) and ML210 (0.3 μM) in combination with fer-1 (2 μM) (n=3). (L) Surviving fractions of isogenic SAEC cells, upon 24 h treatment with DMSO, fer-1 (2 μM), erastin (0.3 μM) and erastin (0.3 μM) in combination with fer-1 (2 μM) (n=3). Data is shown as biological replicates ± S.E.M. Two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test was performed in A-D, I-L , whereas two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s comparisons test was performed in E-H , comparing mean values of C25 LIMD1 -/- and C59 LIMD1 -/- groups to both C8 LIMD1 +/+ , shown by black asterisk, and C9 LIMD1 +/+ groups, shown by purple asterisk. * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, **** p ≤ 0.0001.

    Article Snippet: Proteins were transferred onto PVDF membranes (Sigma, #IPVH00010), blocked, and probed with the following primary antibodies: LIMD1 (1:2000; in-house), LIMD1 (1:1000; Cell Signaling #13245), GPX4 (1:1000; Cell Signaling #52455S), and β-actin (1:20000 dilution; Sigma #A5441).

    Techniques:

    (A) Representative western blot and quantitative data of LIMD1 protein expression in mice (n = 4 per group). (B) Representative western blot and quantitative data of LIMD1 protein expression in vitro (n = 4 per group). * P < 0.05.

    Journal: PLOS ONE

    Article Title: Upregulated LIMD1 alleviates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy via inhibits YAP1/AKT/GSK3β signaling

    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316149

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative western blot and quantitative data of LIMD1 protein expression in mice (n = 4 per group). (B) Representative western blot and quantitative data of LIMD1 protein expression in vitro (n = 4 per group). * P < 0.05.

    Article Snippet: Following blocking with 5% (w/v) non-fat dry milk, the membranes were incubated with primary antibodies against LIMD1 (1:500, Abclonal, A17585), phosphorylated YAP1 (1:500, CST, 13008), YAP1 (1:1000, CST, 14074), phosphorylated AKT (1:1000, CST, 9018), AKT (1:2000, CST, 9272), phosphorylated GSK3β (1:1000, CST, 9323), GSK3β (1:2000, CST, 9315), and GAPDH (1:10000, Abcam, Ab181602).

    Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, In Vitro

    Fig. 4 Macrophage Foxo1 deficiency increases YAP/NICD activity and inhibits STING activation in HFD-induced oxidative stress. a Nuclear YAP and NICD expression were substantially increased in macrophages after HFD feeding. The data are representative of three experiments. b Liver macrophages were isolated from WT mice and stimulated with a mixture of 0.2 mM palmitic acid (PA) and 0.4 mM oleic acid (OA) for 24 h. PA/OA stimulation activated JNK and increased nuclear Foxo1 and PGC-1α expression in macrophages. c PA and OA stimulation increased the expression of p-LATS1 and LIMD1, leading to reduced cytoplasmic YAP phosphorylation and increased nuclear YAP expression in macrophages. d Immunofluorescence staining showing macrophage LIMD1 (green) and LATS1 (red) colocalization in PA/OA-stimulated macrophages. DAPI was used to visualize nuclei (blue). Scale bars, 30 μm. e Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that PA/OA challenge augmented the colocalization and interaction of LIMD1 and LATS1 in macrophages. f Liver macrophages from WT mice were transfected with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated LIMD1 KO or control vector after PA/OA challenge. Moreover, LIMD1 KO increased cytoplasmic YAP phosphorylation and reduced nuclear YAP expression. g Disruption of macrophage Foxo1 markedly increased PGC-1α, YAP, and NICD levels and reduced p-STING expression in response to PA/OA challenge. h Liver macrophages from Foxo1M-KO mice were transfected with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PGC-1α KO or control vector after PA/OA stimulation. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PGC-1α KO in the Foxo1M-KO cells reduced the interaction of YAP with the NICD and augmented p-STING expression. Notes: Foxo1M-KO activates YAP/NICD and inhibits STING activation in PA/OA-stimulated macrophages. All Western blots represent three experiments, and the data are presented as the mean±SD.

    Journal: Experimental & molecular medicine

    Article Title: The Foxo1-YAP-Notch1 axis reprograms STING-mediated innate immunity in NASH progression.

    doi: 10.1038/s12276-024-01280-5

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4 Macrophage Foxo1 deficiency increases YAP/NICD activity and inhibits STING activation in HFD-induced oxidative stress. a Nuclear YAP and NICD expression were substantially increased in macrophages after HFD feeding. The data are representative of three experiments. b Liver macrophages were isolated from WT mice and stimulated with a mixture of 0.2 mM palmitic acid (PA) and 0.4 mM oleic acid (OA) for 24 h. PA/OA stimulation activated JNK and increased nuclear Foxo1 and PGC-1α expression in macrophages. c PA and OA stimulation increased the expression of p-LATS1 and LIMD1, leading to reduced cytoplasmic YAP phosphorylation and increased nuclear YAP expression in macrophages. d Immunofluorescence staining showing macrophage LIMD1 (green) and LATS1 (red) colocalization in PA/OA-stimulated macrophages. DAPI was used to visualize nuclei (blue). Scale bars, 30 μm. e Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that PA/OA challenge augmented the colocalization and interaction of LIMD1 and LATS1 in macrophages. f Liver macrophages from WT mice were transfected with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated LIMD1 KO or control vector after PA/OA challenge. Moreover, LIMD1 KO increased cytoplasmic YAP phosphorylation and reduced nuclear YAP expression. g Disruption of macrophage Foxo1 markedly increased PGC-1α, YAP, and NICD levels and reduced p-STING expression in response to PA/OA challenge. h Liver macrophages from Foxo1M-KO mice were transfected with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PGC-1α KO or control vector after PA/OA stimulation. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PGC-1α KO in the Foxo1M-KO cells reduced the interaction of YAP with the NICD and augmented p-STING expression. Notes: Foxo1M-KO activates YAP/NICD and inhibits STING activation in PA/OA-stimulated macrophages. All Western blots represent three experiments, and the data are presented as the mean±SD.

    Article Snippet: Double immunofluorescence staining of Foxo1, LIMD1, and LATS1 in liver sections and Kupffer cells was performed using primary Foxo1 mouse mAb (Cell Signaling Technology), CD68 rat mAb (Bio-Rad), LIMD1 mouse mAb (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and LATS1 rabbit Ab (Thermo Fisher Scientific).

    Techniques: Activity Assay, Activation Assay, Expressing, Isolation, Phospho-proteomics, Staining, Immunoprecipitation, Transfection, CRISPR, Control, Plasmid Preparation, Disruption, Western Blot

    Fig. 6 Disruption of macrophage Notch1 signaling activates cGAS and increases STING-mediated liver inflammation and fibrosis in HFD- induced NASH. a Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO increased cGAS, p-STING, p-TBK1, p-P65, and nuclear PGC-1α, LIMD1, and YAP expression in steatotic livers after 24 weeks of HFD feeding. b Immunofluorescence staining showed that Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO increased CD11b+ macrophage accumulation in steatotic livers (n = 6 mice/group). Quantification of CD11b+ macrophages; scale bars, 100 μm. c Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO increased TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and CXCL-10 expression and decreased IL-10 levels in steatotic livers (n = 6 samples/group). d The liver/body weight ratio was significantly increased in the HFD-fed Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO mice (n = 6 samples/group). e TG and TC (mg/g) lipid levels were significantly increased in the HFD- fed Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO mice (n = 6 samples/group). f Representative histological staining (H&E and Oil Red O) showing that the livers from the HFD-fed Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO mice exhibited increased lipid accumulation (n = 6 mice/group). Scale bars, 100 μm. g NASs (NAFLD activity scores) were measured based on histological images and were significantly increased in the Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO group (n = 6 mice/group). h Serum ALT and AST levels were increased in the HFD-fed Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO mice (IU/L) (n = 6 samples/group). i Representative histological and immunohistochemical staining (Sirius Red and Masson) of steatotic liver tissues showing augmented liver fibrosis in the Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO mice (n = 6 mice/group). Scale bars, 100 μm. j Increased mRNA expression of profibrotic genes, including αSMA, Col1α1, TGF-β1, CCL2, and TIMP1, in the Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO livers after HFD feeding (n = 6 samples/group). Notes: Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO activates cGAS, increases the STING-mediated inflammatory response, and exacerbates liver fibrosis in HFD-induced NASH. All the data are presented as the mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using the permutation t test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.

    Journal: Experimental & molecular medicine

    Article Title: The Foxo1-YAP-Notch1 axis reprograms STING-mediated innate immunity in NASH progression.

    doi: 10.1038/s12276-024-01280-5

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6 Disruption of macrophage Notch1 signaling activates cGAS and increases STING-mediated liver inflammation and fibrosis in HFD- induced NASH. a Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO increased cGAS, p-STING, p-TBK1, p-P65, and nuclear PGC-1α, LIMD1, and YAP expression in steatotic livers after 24 weeks of HFD feeding. b Immunofluorescence staining showed that Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO increased CD11b+ macrophage accumulation in steatotic livers (n = 6 mice/group). Quantification of CD11b+ macrophages; scale bars, 100 μm. c Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO increased TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and CXCL-10 expression and decreased IL-10 levels in steatotic livers (n = 6 samples/group). d The liver/body weight ratio was significantly increased in the HFD-fed Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO mice (n = 6 samples/group). e TG and TC (mg/g) lipid levels were significantly increased in the HFD- fed Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO mice (n = 6 samples/group). f Representative histological staining (H&E and Oil Red O) showing that the livers from the HFD-fed Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO mice exhibited increased lipid accumulation (n = 6 mice/group). Scale bars, 100 μm. g NASs (NAFLD activity scores) were measured based on histological images and were significantly increased in the Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO group (n = 6 mice/group). h Serum ALT and AST levels were increased in the HFD-fed Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO mice (IU/L) (n = 6 samples/group). i Representative histological and immunohistochemical staining (Sirius Red and Masson) of steatotic liver tissues showing augmented liver fibrosis in the Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO mice (n = 6 mice/group). Scale bars, 100 μm. j Increased mRNA expression of profibrotic genes, including αSMA, Col1α1, TGF-β1, CCL2, and TIMP1, in the Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO livers after HFD feeding (n = 6 samples/group). Notes: Foxo1/Notch1M-DKO activates cGAS, increases the STING-mediated inflammatory response, and exacerbates liver fibrosis in HFD-induced NASH. All the data are presented as the mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using the permutation t test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.

    Article Snippet: Double immunofluorescence staining of Foxo1, LIMD1, and LATS1 in liver sections and Kupffer cells was performed using primary Foxo1 mouse mAb (Cell Signaling Technology), CD68 rat mAb (Bio-Rad), LIMD1 mouse mAb (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and LATS1 rabbit Ab (Thermo Fisher Scientific).

    Techniques: Disruption, Expressing, Staining, Activity Assay, Immunohistochemical staining

    Fig. 8 The Foxo1–YAP axis modulates STING-mediated liver inflammation and steatosis in HFD-induced NASH. a Representative histological staining (H&E and Oil Red O) showing that the Foxo1M-KO mice exhibited decreased lipid accumulation, whereas the Foxo1/YAPM-DKO mice exhibited increased hepatic steatosis after 24 weeks of HFD feeding (n = 6 mice/group). Scale bars, 100 μm. b The NAS (NAFLD activity score) based on histological images was measured and found to be significantly increased in the Foxo1/YAPM-DKO group (n = 6 mice/group). c The liver/ body weight ratios were significantly greater in the Foxo1/YAPM-DKO mice (n = 6 samples/group). d The TG and TC levels (mg/g) were significantly increased in the Foxo1/YAPM-DKO mice (n = 6 samples/group). e The Foxo1/YAPM-DKO mice exhibited significantly increased serum ALT and AST levels (IU/L) (n = 6 samples/group). f Representative immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry images (α-SMA and Masson) showing significantly increased liver fibrosis in the Foxo1/YAPM-DKO livers (n = 6 mice/group). Scale bars, 100 μm. g Quantitative RT‒PCR analysis showed that Foxo1/YAPM-DKO increased cGAS, p-STING, p-TBK1, and p-P65 expression in steatotic livers (n = 6 samples/group). h Western blot analysis revealed that Foxo1/YAPM-DKO increased cGAS, p-STING, p-TBK1, and p-P65 expression and increased nuclear PGC-1α, LIMD1, and NICD expression in steatotic livers. The data are representative of three experiments. i Immunofluorescence staining showed increased CD11b+ macrophage accumulation in ischemic livers (n = 6 mice/group). Quantification of CD11b+ macrophages; scale bars, 100 μm. j The mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and CXCL-10 were increased, and the IL-10 level was decreased in the steatotic Foxo1/YAPM-DKO livers (n = 6 samples/group). Notes: Foxo1/ YAPM-DKO exacerbates STING-mediated liver inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis in mice with HFD-induced NASH. All the data are presented as the mean±SD. Statistical analysis was performed using the permutation t test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

    Journal: Experimental & molecular medicine

    Article Title: The Foxo1-YAP-Notch1 axis reprograms STING-mediated innate immunity in NASH progression.

    doi: 10.1038/s12276-024-01280-5

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 8 The Foxo1–YAP axis modulates STING-mediated liver inflammation and steatosis in HFD-induced NASH. a Representative histological staining (H&E and Oil Red O) showing that the Foxo1M-KO mice exhibited decreased lipid accumulation, whereas the Foxo1/YAPM-DKO mice exhibited increased hepatic steatosis after 24 weeks of HFD feeding (n = 6 mice/group). Scale bars, 100 μm. b The NAS (NAFLD activity score) based on histological images was measured and found to be significantly increased in the Foxo1/YAPM-DKO group (n = 6 mice/group). c The liver/ body weight ratios were significantly greater in the Foxo1/YAPM-DKO mice (n = 6 samples/group). d The TG and TC levels (mg/g) were significantly increased in the Foxo1/YAPM-DKO mice (n = 6 samples/group). e The Foxo1/YAPM-DKO mice exhibited significantly increased serum ALT and AST levels (IU/L) (n = 6 samples/group). f Representative immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry images (α-SMA and Masson) showing significantly increased liver fibrosis in the Foxo1/YAPM-DKO livers (n = 6 mice/group). Scale bars, 100 μm. g Quantitative RT‒PCR analysis showed that Foxo1/YAPM-DKO increased cGAS, p-STING, p-TBK1, and p-P65 expression in steatotic livers (n = 6 samples/group). h Western blot analysis revealed that Foxo1/YAPM-DKO increased cGAS, p-STING, p-TBK1, and p-P65 expression and increased nuclear PGC-1α, LIMD1, and NICD expression in steatotic livers. The data are representative of three experiments. i Immunofluorescence staining showed increased CD11b+ macrophage accumulation in ischemic livers (n = 6 mice/group). Quantification of CD11b+ macrophages; scale bars, 100 μm. j The mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and CXCL-10 were increased, and the IL-10 level was decreased in the steatotic Foxo1/YAPM-DKO livers (n = 6 samples/group). Notes: Foxo1/ YAPM-DKO exacerbates STING-mediated liver inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis in mice with HFD-induced NASH. All the data are presented as the mean±SD. Statistical analysis was performed using the permutation t test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

    Article Snippet: Double immunofluorescence staining of Foxo1, LIMD1, and LATS1 in liver sections and Kupffer cells was performed using primary Foxo1 mouse mAb (Cell Signaling Technology), CD68 rat mAb (Bio-Rad), LIMD1 mouse mAb (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and LATS1 rabbit Ab (Thermo Fisher Scientific).

    Techniques: Staining, Activity Assay, Immunohistochemistry, Expressing, Western Blot